Where is the fusiform located

These authors also found that subjects with developmental prosopagnosia, while having the same overall organization of white-matter as controls in the ventral temporal cortex, displayed similar atypical properties in tracts related to face-selective regions of the cortex 9 , Its occipito-temporal course makes it a candidate fiber for the processing of faces.

Five different sub-components of the IFOF have been proposed based on diffusion spectrum imaging fiber tracking Using a combination of tractography and cadaveric dissection, we were able to confirm at least three different sub-components. Components of the IFOF from the lingual gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus were shown to terminate in the inferior frontal gyrus, and components from the cuneus were shown to terminate in the superior frontal gyrus.

Similar to Latini, we were able to identify a cuneal, lingual, and inferior occipital branch of the ILF The ILF and IFOF connect many of the aforementioned regions, and studies have found evidence that they are also important for the perception of faces 5. Despite the highly interconnected nature of this network, there is some evidence that its arrangement is not organized in a strict serial hierarchy, such that face-related information flows from the inferior occipital gyrus IOG to subsequent regions.

One study, involving resection of the entirety of IOG-faces as well as the posterior There are a series of U-shaped fibers between the inferior occipital gyrus and fusiform gyrus that reach the level of the posterior temporal lobe, a finding reported by the work of Catani et al. There are fibers from the lingual gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus that feed into the anterior fusiform gyrus.

The fibers from the inferior occipital gyrus correspond to an area known as LO lateral occipital , which receives detail, motion, and information from both the dorsal and ventral stream to process the form of objects The lingual gyrus contains functional areas related to basic visual processing.

This gives credence to the theories that facial processing occurs from a feed-forward mechanism from early visual processing areas LO, V1, V2, etc. The adjacency of these connections to the posterior temporal lobe also supports the theory that this information feeds into the posterior temporal area. These findings align with the results that Grill Spector et al. Grill-Spector et al.

Additionally, their work mentions vertical white matter tracts connecting with this network, which we have confirmed in the vertical occipital fasciculus VOF. This may allow regions throughout to be part of the attention network to be connected with the facial processing network. Grill-Spector also notes that facial processing may occur through multiple pathways. We have noted that U-shaped fibers that run from early visual processing areas to the anterior fusiform gyrus. Additionally, there are specific tracts that feed from the inferior occipital gyrus and lingual gyrus into the fusiform gyrus.

Together, these findings demonstrate that multiple routes for facial processing may exist in the brain. The face-selective regions of the fusiform gyrus have been implicated in conditions other than prosopagnosia.

The FFA volume has been shown to be approximately twice as large in adults diagnosed with Williams Syndrome compared to age-matched controls, despite the fact that the entire fusiform gyrus region is smaller in Williams Syndrome Williams syndrome is a genetic developmental disorder that affects multiple organ systems.

In relevance to this work, people with Williams syndrome have been found to have difficulty performing visual-spatial tasks. Typically, lesions of the parietal lobe affect the ability to perform these tasks. Therefore, this functional deficit in Williams syndrome patients suggests a possible connection between the fusiform gyrus and visual-spatial tasks. Additionally, neurotypical individuals appear to have a more symmetric fusiform gyrus than those with autism spectrum disorder ASD.

A leftward asymmetry of the fusiform gyrus was demonstrated most commonly in ASD subjects, while a minority of ASD subjects with more severe symptoms exhibited atypical rightward asymmetry The fusiform gyrus is not solely devoted to facial processing. The left occipitotemporal sulcus and the region of the fusiform gyrus lying just medial to it are implicated in lexical processing, specifically in the computation of grapheme description — independent of orientation, location, or font.

Reading written words or pseudowords, and the production of written words or pseudowords while spelling is also mediated by these areas Damage to the left posterior fusiform gyrus result in impairments in the visual processing of high spatial frequencies, including orthographic and non-orthographic processing, which presents as pure alexia in addition to visual agnosia for objects presented at high spatial frequencies 8.

Some individuals, however, have presented with isolated pure alexia after white matter tracts traversing between the left medial BA 37 and right BA 37 were damaged This indicates the possibility that left medial BA 37 may not be the only area specific to such graphemic description. This finding may be explained by the VOF, which has connections to the posterior fusiform gyrus.

Damage to the VOF has been implicated in the production of a pure alexia. We performed tract volume analysis of the VOF, which demonstrates that the right and left VOF have differences in tract volume Table 2. The VOF has been previously described in the literature 36 , These studies, based on diffusion-tensor MRI technology, conclude that the VOF connects the fusiform gyrus with unimodal visual association cortices.

Our tractography and anatomic dissection confirms this finding by demonstrating connections in the VOF between the fusiform gyrus and the cuneus. Additionally, we demonstrated connections of the VOF within the previously mentioned lateral occipital regions. However, other fibers that course through the fusiform gyrus, such as the ILF and IFOF, may be candidates for lexical processing as well.

Finally, there is evidence that the fusiform gyrus demonstrates selectivity for human bodies, separate from faces or tools 6. Studies demonstrate that diminished effective connections in the fusiform gyrus correlated with a body size misjudgment score, which possibly implicates these regions in the development of anorexia nervosa 7.

The fusiform gyrus is an important region implicated in such tasks as the visual processing of human faces and bodies as well as the perception of stimuli with high spatial frequencies. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the anatomy of this region. A greater comprehension of the structural and functional relationships inherent to this region may support clinical advancements in such areas as surgical planning for glioma resection and functional mapping in awake craniotomies.

Furthermore, post-surgical outcomes related to the fusiform gyrus may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted by this study. Grill-Spector, K. The functional architecture of the ventral temporal cortex and its role in categorization. Weiner, K. The anatomical and functional specialization of the fusiform gyrus.

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Estimation of volume fractions in nervous tissue with an image analyzer. Anatomy of the visual word form area: adjacent cortical circuits and long-range white matter connections. Zilles K , Amunts K. The fusiform gyrus is situated at the basal surface of the temporal and occipital lobes and is delineated by the collateral sulcus CoS and occipitotemporal sulcus OTS , respectively.

The OTS separates the fusiform gyrus from the inferior temporal gyrus located laterally in respect to the fusiform gyrus and the CoS separates the fusiform gyrus from the parahippocampal gyrus located medially in respect to the fusiform gyrus. IMAIOS and selected third parties, use cookies or similar technologies, in particular for audience measurement. Cookies allow us to analyze and store information such as the characteristics of your device as well as certain personal data e.

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