Which antigens are present in blood type b

They attack and rapidly destroy red cells carrying the corresponding antigen. If ABO incompatible red cells are transfused, red cell haemolysis can occur. For example if group A red cells are infused into a recipient who is group O, the recipient's anti-A antibodies bind to the transfused cells. There are more than 40 different kinds of Rh antigens.

The most significant Rh antigen is RhD. When RhD is present on the red cell surface, the red cells are called RhD positive. Antibodies to RhD develop only after an individual is exposed to RhD antigens via transfusion, pregnancy or organ transplantation.

Anti RhD or anti-D antibodies destroy RhD positive red cells and can lead to haemolytic transfusion reactions. This is of particular importance in pregnancy where anti-D antibodies can cross the placenta from mother to unborn child and lead to haemolytic disease of the newborn.

As a general rule, RhD negative individuals should not be transfused with RhD positive red cells, especially RhD negative girls and women of childbearing age. If transfusion of an RhD positive product to RhD negative recipient is unavoidable a haematologist should be consulted and administration of anti-D immunoglobulin considered. When a transfusion is given, it is preferable for patients to receive blood and plasma of the same ABO and RhD group.

However if the required blood type is unavailable, a patient may be given a product of an alternative but compatible group as shown below. Blood Compatibility. Patient Type. Compatible Red Cell Types. There is very little chance of having a problem from this test. When a blood sample is taken, a small bruise may form at the site. The following table shows the compatibility of blood types between blood donors and recipients.

Read the table as follows: A person who has A-negative blood can receive A-negative or O-negative blood. Minor antigens other than A, B, and Rh on the red blood cells are also checked for a match before a blood transfusion. Current as of: September 23, Gabica MD - Family Medicine. Author: Healthwise Staff. Medical Review: E. This information does not replace the advice of a doctor. Healthwise, Incorporated, disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information.

Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use. Learn how we develop our content. To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Updated visitor guidelines. You are here Home » Blood Type Test. Top of the page. Test Overview Blood type tests are done before a person gets a blood transfusion and to check a pregnant woman's blood type.

If your red blood cells have: The A antigen. The B antigen. Neither the A nor B antigen. Both the A and B antigens. Serious transfusion reactions are rare today because of blood type tests. Rh test Rh blood type checks for the Rh antigen also called the Rh factor on red blood cells. If your red blood cells: Have the Rh antigen, your blood is Rh-positive. Do not have the Rh antigen, your blood is Rh-negative. Other red cell antigens are tested for in certain other situations.

If you have a blood transfusion, it is vital that the blood you receive is well matched compatible with your own. For example, if you receive blood from a person who is A positive and you are B positive then the anti-A antibodies in your plasma will attack the red blood cells erythrocytes of the donated blood. This causes the red cells of the donated blood to clump together. This can cause a serious or even fatal reaction in your body.

Therefore, before a blood transfusion is done, a donor bag of blood is selected with the same ABO and rhesus blood group as yourself. Then, to make sure there is no incompatibility, a small sample of your blood is mixed with a small sample of the donor blood.

After a short time the mixed blood is looked at under a microscope to see if there has been any clumping of blood. If there is no clumping, then it is safe to transfuse the blood. A blood group test is always done on pregnant women. If the mother is rhesus negative and the unborn baby is rhesus positive inherited from a rhesus positive father then the mother's immune system may produce anti-rhesus antibodies. These may attack and destroy the baby's blood cells.

This is rarely a problem in a first pregnancy. However, without treatment, this can become a serious problem in subsequent pregnancies, as the mother's immune system will be 'sensitised' after the first pregnancy. Giving blood is simple and saves lives. The blood transfusion service needs people of all blood groups to donate blood, but especially if you have one of the rarer blood groups.

By donating blood, you will find out what blood group you are. Kotulska A, Kopec-Medrek M, Grosicka A, et al ; Correlation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level in patients with rheumatic diseases.

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